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Quadruple Witching

Quadruple Witching - Definition
The third Friday of March, June, September and December when Index Futures, Options on Index Futures, Single Stock Futures and Stock Options expire together.


Quadruple Witching - Introduction
Quadruple Witching days, also known as Quad Witch, are the four days in a year where the combined effects of derivative traders exercising their in the money options and taking delivery on their futures contracts as well as traders practising arbitrage made Quadruple Witching one of the most turbulent and heavily traded days of the year. Quadruple witching is one of the most important days to take note of in options trading and this tutorial will discuss why it happens and how it affects your options trading.


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How Does Quadruple Witching Occur?
Quadruple Witching occurs as 4 different types of derivative instruments expire on a single day. In the US market, stock options expire every third Friday of the month while single stock futures, options on index futures and certain index futures expire every third Friday of the quarter. The combined expiration of these four derivative instruments creates the Quadruple Witching day. Quadruple Witching only begun after 2001. Prior to the trading of Single Stock Futures in 2001, there was only Triple Witching where stock options, index futures and options on index futures expire on the third Friday of every quarterly month.



What Effects Does Quadruple Witching Have?
Due to the combined effects of exercise, delivery, hedging, arbitrage as well as speculative options trading and futures trading activity during Quadruple Witching days, the most obvious effect is a dramatic increase in trading volume. In fact, it has been documented that in 2007, both stock and options trading volume during Quadruple Witching days rose by about 55% to 60% more than the daily average for the year. Even though there might be increased amount of volatility in certain stocks during Quadruple Witching, the overall stock market action does not look significantly different from a normal non Quadruple Witching day. Extrinsic value of further month options may be slightly higher than usual on the Thursday prior to Quadruple witching and on Quadruple witching Friday itself due to the increased amount of trading. Due to the increased intraday volatility, options traders holding longer term options positions using trailing stop loss or contingent orders may also experience unnecessary stop outs.






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